BMW's hydrogen V12 engine: only a fraction of SULEV emissions levels
There are many hurdles standing in the way of hydrogen becoming widespread as an energy carrier for our vehicles, either by the direct burning of it in internal combustion engines or in fuel cells. Very few hydrogen refueling centers exist today, and the gas is difficult to capture, transport and store. One thing is certain regarding hydrogen, though: it can offer extremely low emissions, as it does in BMW's hydrogen-burning V12 engine.
BMW's Hydrogen 7 had to be tested at Argonne National Laboratory's Center for Transportation Research because the emissions are so minute that most test-beds would not be able to detect them at all. "The BMW Hydrogen 7's emissions were only a fraction of SULEV level, making it one of the lowest emitting combustion engine vehicles that have been manufactured," said Thomas Wallner, a mechanical engineer at Argonne. In fact, Wallner adds, "the car's engine actively cleans the air. Argonne's testing shows that the Hydrogen 7's 12-cylinder engine actually shows emissions levels that, for certain components, are cleaner than the ambient air that comes into the car's engine."
The emissions from a hydrogen car have never been the problem. The problem is getting the hydrogen. The hope is that as technology continues advancing forward, new ways to capture, store and distribute hydrogen will make it cheaper and more environmentally friendly, allowing the world to consider hydrogen as one method of reducing our oil dependence. Details after the jump.
Press Release:
Argonne Tests Validate BMW Hydrogen 7 Emissions Below SULEV
ARGONNE, Ill. -- Independent tests conducted by engineers at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory on a BMW Hydrogen 7 Mono-Fuel demonstration vehicle have found that the car's hydrogen-powered engine surpasses the super-ultra low-emission vehicle (SULEV) level, the most stringent emissions performance standard to date.
"The BMW Hydrogen 7's emissions were only a fraction of SULEV level, making it one of the lowest emitting combustion engine vehicles that have been manufactured," said Thomas Wallner, a mechanical engineer who leads Argonne's hydrogen vehicle testing activities. "Moreover, the car's engine actively cleans the air. Argonne's testing shows that the Hydrogen 7's 12-cylinder engine actually shows emissions levels that, for certain components, are cleaner than the ambient air that comes into the car's engine."
It was not an easy task to measure the Hydrogen 7's emissions. "A gross polluter is easy to measure, but the cleaner the car the harder it is to test," said Don Hillebrand, director of Argonne's Center for Transportation Research. "Most labs test at the SULEV level. Argonne's vehicle testing facilities are unique in that they are able to detect even trace levels of emissions. In this case, it was near-zero emissions."
After an extensive evaluation by BMW, "Argonne's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility was found to be the only public test facility in North America capable of testing hydrogen vehicles at these low emissions levels," said BMW's Wolfgang Thiel, manager, operating support emissions analysis. "Zero is a very small precise number -- we are pushing the boundaries of emissions testing."
Technical and program information about the Hydrogen 7 tests will be presented by Wallner and BMW North America's Jason P. Perron Wednesday, April 2 during the National Hydrogen Association Annual Hydrogen Conference, March 30-April 3, in Sacramento, Calif. Argonne will join BMW's Christoph Huss, senior vice president, science, traffic and vehicles regulations, in a press conference to present the test results during the Society of Automotive Engineers 2008 World Congress, April 14-17, in Detroit.
BMW has put the hydrogen model into limited series production. Although the vehicle is not yet available for sale to the general public, it is being made available to "influential public figures," whose use demonstrate a new era in clean energy, BMW has said. In the meantime, the greatest challenge to widespread use of hydrogen cars is the limited number of hydrogen refueling stations.
Argonne has conducted cutting-edge transportation research for more than 30 years and employs a multidisciplinary staff of engineers and scientists involved in engine, battery, fuel cell, vehicle systems and applied materials research.
Argonne's transportation research program and facilities are primarily funded by DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, which supports the development of vehicle technologies and alternative fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil, and enables the U.S. transportation industry to sustain a strong, competitive position in domestic and world markets.
[Source: Argonne National Laboratory]
Reader Comments (Page 1 of 1)
MarkR 5:15PM (3/28/2008)
"the car's engine actively cleans the air. Argonne's testing shows that the Hydrogen 7's 12-cylinder engine actually shows emissions levels that, for certain components, are cleaner than the ambient air that comes into the car's engine."
This sounds to me like a very good reason to develop hydrogen as a primary fuel. The elephant in the room that no one addresses is the fact once we reduce or stop polluting the atmosphere, how do we get back to pre-industrial revolution air quality? It would only be fitting if the same things that polluted the air in the first place, cars and power plants, were then used to clean it up.
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Chris M 5:29PM (3/28/2008)
The irony is that it still needs a catalytic converter to remove NOx, which remains a problem for H2 ICE engines. I also noted that they didn't mention how much the emissions rise when it runs out of expensive liquid H2 and switches over to running on gasoline.
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BlackbirdHighway 5:40PM (3/28/2008)
I always hear the complaints about electric cars that the electricity is made from burning coal, and therefore dirty.
Somehow that aspect always seems to be left out of hydrogen discussions. So where does the hydrogen come from, magic?
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Snowdog 5:45PM (3/28/2008)
The bigger problem is this is still a hydrogen boondoggle. With gross inefficiencies across the board. From creating/compressing/transporting and finally the big one, burning in an ICE.
Take the same energy and power an electric car and get 4 times the efficiency and you already have the distribution system in place for electricity.
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psarhjinian 5:51PM (3/28/2008)
That's nice.
How much power does it take to mass-produce hydrogen, again?
People complain about hybrids or ethanol's net impact. Hydrogen's net is _awful_. I'd wait for commercially viable nuclear fusion, first.
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Chris M 6:50PM (3/28/2008)
Using electricity to charge a BEV, the combined efficiency of charger and battery and electric motor is about 76%.
Using electricity to electolyze water, cryochill the H2 to liquify it, then burning it in an IC engine car, the combined efficiency is about 6%.
To make matters worse, the Hydrogen 7 with its big V12 engine gets horrible fuel economy, only 15 mpg running on petrol, 4 mpg running on liquid H2.
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Mulad 7:05PM (3/28/2008)
Yeah, I really haven't been able to wrap my head around the idea of using a 12-cylinder engine as their poster child for hydrogen technology.
But this shows one of the problems with using the LEV/ULEV/SULEV rating system -- it doesn't correlate with the amount of energy being used, but rather with how cleanly the combustion happens. Getting rid of smog is certainly important, but certain energy-guzzling technologies such as this V-12 hydrogen car show how the goal can be subverted.
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DC 8:51PM (3/28/2008)
Mulad:
It is because the power output would be pathetic for a BMW otherwise; the Hydrogen 7 only makes 260 hp from the V12! Ford's supercharged 6.8L V10 hydrogen engine makes only 235 hp, and the turbocharged 6.8L V10 makes only 188 hp!
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jake 10:15PM (3/28/2008)
@DC
That's quite pathetic for v12/v10 engines! Really makes you start to wonder if you are really more "green" driving a hydrogen ICE car. With a hydrogen fuel cell car at least you have the undoubtedly more efficient EV drivetrain, but here it's not the case. With an EV at least laypeople ask the knee jerk question "where does the electricity comes from?" But with hydrogen cars most people don't ask that question. Something as inefficient as this V12 will probably be seen as more "green" than an EV when it's not true.
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bolle 3:49AM (7/23/2008)
look: for a start.. v12 engine is a very very large motor.
comparing to v4 v6 v8. So ovesouly ovesouly.... your going to pay hell of money on the car. wethaer it is petrol, insurance,anyhting like dat.. you are going to pay. Second of all hybird cars, ar'nt that strong .. YET!!.. factorys companyz countries are still fixing the problem.. and 3rd of all electricity cars are crazy... you are going to spend on your bill.. more then you probaly rent your house. around 96% of chraged car. Will just run on the road max 140km per hour.. around... 6hours...
as i said.. Life will move on to a very easy stage if every 1 has pations.. and for the petrol.. which are now crisez.. that will improve if not ... life is in a very big danger..
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