AutoblogGreen http://green.autoblog.com AutoblogGreen http://www.blogsmithmedia.com/%SiteURL%/media/feedlogo.gif AutoblogGreen http://green.autoblog.com en-us Copyright 2012 Weblogs, Inc. The contents of this feed are available for non-commercial use only. Blogsmith http://www.blogsmith.com/Chris Shunk, Sam Abuelsamid and Dan RothThe podcast by the people who obsessively cover the auto industry.<![CDATA[No new infrastructure required: Hydrogen Hyundais drive across Europe]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/07/no-new-infrastructure-required-hydrogen-hyundai-drives-across-e/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/07/no-new-infrastructure-required-hydrogen-hyundai-drives-across-e/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/07/no-new-infrastructure-required-hydrogen-hyundai-drives-across-e/#commentsFiled under: , , ,



It's getting easier and easier to ignore gas stations.

Over in Europe, the H2 refueling infrastructure is apparently robust enough to allow a pair of hydrogen-powered Hyundai iX35 (Tuscon) FCEVs to drive from Oslo, Norway to Monte Carlo, Monaco. Almost, anyway.

Yes, the 1,404-mile, cross-continental drive was, according to Wired, the "longest a hydrogen-fueled vehicle has ever travelled using only fuel from permanent hydrogen filling stations." As some readers may remember, similar previous tours have relied on refueling trucks to go the distance. The Oslo-Monte Carlo drive took five days and wasn't as easy as pie. An out-of-service station meant a ferry was needed for some of the trip. Also, since not all the H2 stations are open to the public, a few pre-arrival phone calls were needed. One lesson learned: Germany has the best network of H2 pumps; France and Sweden are less developed.

The Norwegian Zero Emissions Resource Organization (ZERO) organized the trip, using h2stations.org to find the route. As Wired writes, the whole trip, "highlighted just how far ahead of the rest of the world Europe's hydrogen infrastructure is, and also how much more work needs to be done before hydrogen becomes a viable fuel source for vehicles."

No new infrastructure required: Hydrogen Hyundais drive across Europe originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Mon, 07 May 2012 11:52:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>europeeurope hydrogenfcevhyundaihyundai hydrogenix35ix35 fcevtuscontuscon fcevMon, 07 May 2012 11:52:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20232374/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20232374/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/05/07/no-new-infrastructure-required-hydrogen-hyundai-drives-across-e/20232374/article-detail.xml 20232374 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/hyundaifcev-1334360679_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/hyundaifcev-1334360679.jpg <![CDATA[BMW, Daimler will work together on Visio.M urban EV project]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/bmw-daimler-will-work-together-on-visio-m-urban-ev-project/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/bmw-daimler-will-work-together-on-visio-m-urban-ev-project/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/bmw-daimler-will-work-together-on-visio-m-urban-ev-project/#commentsFiled under: , , , , ,



BMW and Mercedes-Benz parent Daimler AG are among a group of more than a dozen private and public entities that are working together on a project designed to speed up the development of urban electric vehicles.

The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) is providing 10.8 million euros ($14.2 million U.S. at today's exchange rates) in funding for what's being called the Visio.M project. Scientists at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) will work with automotive engineers to develop small, city-oriented EVs that have a maximum power of about 15 kW (20 horsepower) and a maximum weight of about 900 pounds (without battery) which would make the car about 45 percent lighter than a Smart ForTwo.

The overall goal here is to develop a car that's light enough to provide a sufficient single-charge urban driving range but strong enough to be as safe as a conventional vehicle.

Of course, the automakers involved already have advanced EV programs. BMW is planning to start selling its battery-electric i3 four-door next year and, earlier this year, started delivering the battery-electric ActiveE, the i3's precursor, to West Coast and East Coast leasing customers. Mercedes-Benz's alt-fuel development has been focused more on diesels and hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles, but is also has its E-Cell models.

Continue reading BMW, Daimler will work together on Visio.M urban EV project

BMW, Daimler will work together on Visio.M urban EV project originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 04 May 2012 11:57:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>bmwdaimlerelectric vehicleEVgermanGerman Federal Ministry for Education and Researchgermanymercedes-benzplug-inTechnische Universitaet MuenchenurbanFri, 04 May 2012 11:57:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20230555/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20230555/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/05/04/bmw-daimler-will-work-together-on-visio-m-urban-ev-project/20230555/article-detail.xml 20230555 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/05/activee_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/05/activee.jpg <![CDATA[Karabag gives Fiat 500 an electric forklift drivetrain, makes it cheaper than gas version]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/karabag-gives-fiat-500-an-electric-forklift-drivetrain-makes-it/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/karabag-gives-fiat-500-an-electric-forklift-drivetrain-makes-it/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/05/04/karabag-gives-fiat-500-an-electric-forklift-drivetrain-makes-it/#commentsFiled under: , ,

Karabag 500e

Karabag has been selling conversions of a few Fiat models for a while now, but a new configuration of the 500, along with a low lease price, could see them moving more out the door. The new Karabag 500e makes use of the same electric drivetrain components that German forklift maker Linde Materials Handling employs to move about its precision workhorses.

The supply arrangement allows the elektrofahrzeug-maker to offer the Italian retro-cute for €34,999 ($46,000 U.S. at today's exchange rates) or lease it for a modest €299 ($393) a month. That price, they say, makes it cheaper to operate than the gas-powered version. (You can see how they calculate that at this Google-translated page from their website).

While the price may be moderate, so is the performance. The new 500e puts out a peak 28 kW (37.55 horsepower) and allows for a top speed of just 105 km/h (65 miles per hour). Acceleration is, um, leisurely, with 50km/h (31 mph) coming 8.5 seconds after lift off. The 11-kWh lithium-polymer battery is said to offer 100 km (62 miles) of range.

Linde has also lent a drivetrain to another vehicle with much (much!) better performance. The Linde E1 electric go kart has made the Guinness Book of Records by accelerating faster to 100 km/h (62 mph) than any battery-powered cart ever before: 3.45 seconds. If only it were street legal.

Hit the jump for videos of both the Karabag 500e and the Linde E1 kart, along with a longer, bonus video from Linde detailing its history and products, that also features the electrified Fiat and the kart.

Continue reading Karabag gives Fiat 500 an electric forklift drivetrain, makes it cheaper than gas version

Karabag gives Fiat 500 an electric forklift drivetrain, makes it cheaper than gas version originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 04 May 2012 07:48:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>cheaper than gase1electric forkliftelectric tow motorelectric vehiclefiat 500karabagkarabag 500elindelinde e1linde hydraulicslinde materials handlingFri, 04 May 2012 07:48:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20227564/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20227564/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/05/04/karabag-gives-fiat-500-an-electric-forklift-drivetrain-makes-it/20227564/article-detail.xml 20227564 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/05/karabag-500e-628-1336072271_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/05/karabag-500e-628-1336072271.jpg <![CDATA[World's largest Car2Go fleet deployed in Berlin]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/30/worlds-largest-car2go-fleet-deployed-in-berlin/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/30/worlds-largest-car2go-fleet-deployed-in-berlin/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/30/worlds-largest-car2go-fleet-deployed-in-berlin/#commentsFiled under: , , , , ,



In extreme sports, they say "go big, or go home." Car2go's doing both.

Daimler AG's car-sharing division, which has operations in places such as Amsterdam, Vienna and San Diego, last week launched service in Berlin in its native Germany with by far its largest fleet of Smart ForTwo two-seaters available for short-term rentals.

Car2go Berlin has 1,000 vehicles available for the approximately 65-square-mile area where customers can pick up and drop of the two-seaters. Car2go is charging a one-time registration fee of 9.9 euros (about $13 at current exchange rates) and will charge 12.9 ($17) euros an hour to drive. By the time the service started up in Berlin, 2,000 people had already pre-registered for the service.

The car-sharing service, which has about 70,000 members throughout Europe and North America, launched in 2009 in Austin, TX. Last month, Car2go started service in Washington, D.C., and Portland, OR and said it would debut in the UK in this fall.

Continue reading World's largest Car2Go fleet deployed in Berlin

World's largest Car2Go fleet deployed in Berlin originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Mon, 30 Apr 2012 17:54:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>berlincar sharingcar2gocarsharingdaimlerfortwogermanysmartMon, 30 Apr 2012 17:54:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20227481/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20227481/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/04/30/worlds-largest-car2go-fleet-deployed-in-berlin/20227481/article-detail.xml 20227481 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/car2goberlin_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/car2goberlin.jpg <![CDATA[Daimler-BYD electric-vehicle brand to be called Denza]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/06/daimler-byd-electric-vehicle-brand-called-denza/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/06/daimler-byd-electric-vehicle-brand-called-denza/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/04/06/daimler-byd-electric-vehicle-brand-called-denza/#commentsFiled under: , , , ,



Think Denza, as in Tony, but with an e.

Mercedes-Benz parent Daimler AG and China-based BYD will name the battery-electric vehicle brand they're building together Denza.

Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co. Ltd. (BDNT) will show a concept Denza EV at the Auto China 2012 trade show in Beijing later this month. The 50-50 joint-venture, which was formed in May 2010 and which said last October that it would unveil the EV this April, will start production of the EV next year. Last October, the Chinese patent bureau leaked images of the EV, which will likely be based on the Mercedes-Benz B-Class platform.

The name Denza stems from the Chinese characters that mean a combination of "rising power" and "momentum."

Daimler and BYD are looking to capitalize on a China EV market expected to surge during the next few years. Green technology firm Pike Research said in a report last year that China will account for more than 550,000 EV sales in 2015, up from about 30,000 in 2010, and the country will overtake Japan as the largest battery-electric vehicle maker in the Asia-Pacific region.

Continue reading Daimler-BYD electric-vehicle brand to be called Denza

Daimler-BYD electric-vehicle brand to be called Denza originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 06 Apr 2012 08:02:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>b-classbydchinadaimlerdenzaelectric vehicleEVmercedes-benzShenzhen BYD Daimler New TechnologyFri, 06 Apr 2012 08:02:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20207083/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20207083/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/04/06/daimler-byd-electric-vehicle-brand-called-denza/20207083/article-detail.xml 20207083 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/denza_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/04/denza.jpg <![CDATA[Daimler, BMW, others form Hubject JV for 'customer-friendly electromobility']]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/15/daimler-bmw-others-form-hubject-jv-for-customer-friendly-elec/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/15/daimler-bmw-others-form-hubject-jv-for-customer-friendly-elec/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/15/daimler-bmw-others-form-hubject-jv-for-customer-friendly-elec/#commentsFiled under: , , ,



Hubject may be a word without much meaning right now, but six German companies, including Daimler and BMW, want it to stand for easy-to-use, easy-to-access electromobility.

The two German automakers, along with Bosch, EnBW, RWE and Siemens, have created the hubject GmbH joint venture to build out a charging infrastructure in Germany that is standardized, open and integrated. Set to roll out with a test phase at the end of the summer, Hubject will "enable all future users of electromobility to access a nationwide charging infrastructure comfortably and securely." The network of chargers will be branded with a "compatibility logo" to let participating drivers know that their cars will work with the chargers while, behind the scenes, data will be shared to "create an integrated charging infrastructure for mobility and vehicle providers." Read: drivers will get billed the right amount no matter where they charge.

We've heard rumors in the past that some European automakers don't necessarily want to adopt the CHAdeMO fast-charging standard. The Hubject announcement doesn't specifically address this one way or the other - it just says, "The new enterprise is a deliberately open platform that aims to involve as many partners as possible" - which will likely continue to feed the rumor mill.

Continue reading Daimler, BMW, others form Hubject JV for 'customer-friendly electromobility'

Daimler, BMW, others form Hubject JV for 'customer-friendly electromobility' originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Thu, 15 Mar 2012 10:08:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>charging networkdaimler bmw joint venturedc fast chargerelectric vehicleelectromobilityhubjectplug-in hybridThu, 15 Mar 2012 10:08:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20193921/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20193921/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/03/15/daimler-bmw-others-form-hubject-jv-for-customer-friendly-elec/20193921/article-detail.xml 20193921 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/03/bmw-active-e-628j_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/03/bmw-active-e-628j.jpg <![CDATA["Invisible" Mercedes F-Cell cruises on hydrogen fuel cell power in Germany]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/05/invisible-mercedes-f-cell-cruises-on-hydrogen-fuel-cell-power/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/05/invisible-mercedes-f-cell-cruises-on-hydrogen-fuel-cell-power/http://green.autoblog.com/2012/03/05/invisible-mercedes-f-cell-cruises-on-hydrogen-fuel-cell-power/#commentsFiled under: , , , ,

daimler f-cell invisible car mercedes hydrogen

The hydrogen-powered Mercedes-Benz F-Cell is not a new car - it's been around the world, as we saw - but it did just get a brand new look: it's been made "invisible."

Two things for the nit-pickers out there: it's not actually invisible and, yes, the whole thing is just a promotional stunt in Germany, a way to highlight that the car, Daimler says, is "invisible" to the environment.

The way it works is that a camera on one side of the car broadcasts a live image to a multitude of LEDs plastered on the other side. So, when you look at the car, you see a representation of what's on the other side. It's similar to what some military research organizations are working on, but this is the first time we've heard of it used on a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Also, technically, the special F-Cell is only half "invisible," since the non-LED side of the car has the camera rig and associated wires. You can see how this works in the video after the jump.

A year ago, Herbert Kohler, Daimler's head of e-drive and future mobility, said he expects fuel cell vehicles to not cost any more than diesel hybrids by 2015. We expect he meant as long as they're not covered by LEDs, anyway.

Continue reading "Invisible" Mercedes F-Cell cruises on hydrogen fuel cell power in Germany

"Invisible" Mercedes F-Cell cruises on hydrogen fuel cell power in Germany originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Mon, 05 Mar 2012 08:03:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>fuel cellh2hydrogeninvisible carmercedes benzstuntMon, 05 Mar 2012 08:03:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20185501/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20185501/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2012/03/05/invisible-mercedes-f-cell-cruises-on-hydrogen-fuel-cell-power/20185501/article-detail.xml 20185501 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/03/daimler-f-cell-invisible-car-mercedes-hydrogen_thumbnail.png http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2012/03/daimler-f-cell-invisible-car-mercedes-hydrogen.png <![CDATA[e-volo makes manned electric multicopter first flight]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/11/04/e-volo-makes-manned-electric-multicopter-first-flight/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/11/04/e-volo-makes-manned-electric-multicopter-first-flight/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/11/04/e-volo-makes-manned-electric-multicopter-first-flight/#commentsFiled under: , ,

e-volo electric multicopter hovers six feet off the ground

It looks like this whole battery-powered-vehicle business is going to continue extending to more and more types of transportation. The latest to fall to the liquid fuel-free fad is the multicopter, and its first airborne efforts have been caught on video.

Developed by e-volo in Germany, the 80 kg (176.4 lb) prototype uses 16 propellers to push itself aloft and balances itself on all three axes by altering the speeds of the individual motors. Ingeniously, it incorporates a yoga ball to soften the landing.

Having previously undergone unmanned test flights, it was finally decided that a guinea pig human should get on board and make history. The natural choice of pilot was Thomas Senkel, the man who conceived and constructed the craft, and who also happens to have some experience with more traditional ultralights.

Although this first flight lasted a mere minute and 30 seconds, the e-volo flying machine is said to be capable of flying for 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the weight of the payload. Improved future performance depends, of course, on the advancement of battery tech, but they envision eventually having multi-seat multicopters with the ability to stay in the air for an hour or longer.

Continue reading e-volo makes manned electric multicopter first flight

e-volo makes manned electric multicopter first flight originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 04 Nov 2011 19:57:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>e-voloelectric aircraftelectric flying machineelectric multicoptermulticopterspiders from marsthomas senkelFri, 04 Nov 2011 19:57:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20097164/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20097164/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/11/04/e-volo-makes-manned-electric-multicopter-first-flight/20097164/article-detail.xml 20097164 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/11/e-volo-helicopter-first-flight-628_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/11/e-volo-helicopter-first-flight-628.jpg <![CDATA[Mo system shares cars, e-bikes, bikes, and even public transport]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/31/mo-system-shares-cars-e-bikes-bikes-and-even-public-transport/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/31/mo-system-shares-cars-e-bikes-bikes-and-even-public-transport/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/31/mo-system-shares-cars-e-bikes-bikes-and-even-public-transport/#commentsFiled under: , ,

MO Bike Sharing

Showing that a technological advance can sometimes deliver significant change to an apparently unrelated system, the Mo sharing service leverages a cell phone app to create a linked network of increasingly varied transportation options. Created as a joint venture between LUNAR Europe, environmental organization Green City e.V. and the University of Wuppertal, Mo is designed to encourage the use of the lowest-impact transportation option with choices including public transportation, bikes, e-bikes, and cars.

By using the phone app, Mo tracks the miles of each user and rewards them when they elect to use a green option. For example, taking public transportation might build up miles that can later be redeemed for use in renting a car or bike. Users can even receive credit for peddling their own bikes.

By encouraging the use of other options, Mo expects to reduce the need for shared cars. Coordinating the different options and providing positive feedback as appropriate should keep the system balanced. The result is that the people who buy into Mo but use other options when possible can use cars on those occasions when they are really needed at a very low cost. At the moment, Mo is still in its early stages and is limited to the area around Munich. The technology and planning employed in this system could be used to expand the flexibility of existing car sharing systems.

Mo system shares cars, e-bikes, bikes, and even public transport originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Mon, 31 Oct 2011 11:11:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>bike sharingcar sharingmomo car sharingpublic transportationMon, 31 Oct 2011 11:11:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20093860/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20093860/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/10/31/mo-system-shares-cars-e-bikes-bikes-and-even-public-transport/20093860/article-detail.xml 20093860 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/10/mobikesharing_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/10/mobikesharing.jpg <![CDATA[Audi revs up 20 A1 e-trons for Munich test fleet]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/28/audi-revs-up-20-a1-e-trons-for-munich-test-fleet/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/28/audi-revs-up-20-a1-e-trons-for-munich-test-fleet/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/28/audi-revs-up-20-a1-e-trons-for-munich-test-fleet/#commentsFiled under: , ,



For most of its early life, the Audi e-tron family was born and bred for the auto show circuit, and it did quite well there. To really make an impact, though, the cars need to get out, and some e-trons have been making forays onto public streets recently. A fleet of 20 A1 e-trons is about to scoot around the streets of Munich in a program that was announced a year ago.

The purpose, as with so many of the plug-in vehicle test fleets run by major automakers, is to gather data on how people use these new powertrains. In Munich, Audi's data-collecting partner is the Technische Universität München, with E.ON and the public utility Stadtwerke München responsible for the local charging infrastructure. Befitting a high-profile program like this, at least some of the energy used to power the A1 plug-in hybrids will be generated from renewable sources.

Since the A1 e-tron can be powered by both gasoline and electricity, it's clear that some of the Munich miles will not be renewably sourced. The little A1 e-tron can go up to 31 miles on electric power, enough to get most urban residents around their city each day without emitting any local emissions. When the lithium-ion battery runs out, a "compact combustion engine" kicks in. Today's press release doesn't detail what kind of combustion engine that is, but the concept version of the A1 e-tron used a Wankel rotary engine. The gas-electric combination gives the A1 e-tron a fuel economy rating of 124 mpge (using the "proposed standard for determining the fuel efficiency of vehicles with range extenders," Audi says). Wish you could drive the A1 e-tron in your town? Franciscus van Meel, head of electric mobility strategy for Audi, said in a statement that the automaker is, "planning additional fleet endeavors in strategically important markets."

Continue reading Audi revs up 20 A1 e-trons for Munich test fleet

Audi revs up 20 A1 e-trons for Munich test fleet originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 28 Oct 2011 11:09:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>audi a1audi a1 etronaudi etrone-tronelectric vehicleetronmunichFri, 28 Oct 2011 11:09:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20093025/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20093025/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/10/28/audi-revs-up-20-a1-e-trons-for-munich-test-fleet/20093025/article-detail.xml 20093025 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/10/audia1etron-628_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/10/audia1etron-628.jpg <![CDATA[Opel aims to be "leader in electric mobility"; production RAK e possible]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/25/opel-aims-to-be-leader-in-electric-mobility-production-rak-e/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/25/opel-aims-to-be-leader-in-electric-mobility-production-rak-e/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/25/opel-aims-to-be-leader-in-electric-mobility-production-rak-e/#commentsFiled under: , , , ,

Opel RAK e concept

General Motors' German arm, Opel, wants to be the "market leader in electric mobility," according to the automaker's head of sales and marketing, Alain Visser.

That's one task that's easier said than done, for sure. Still, with the plug-in Ampera scheduled to launch next month, Opel says it's ready to usher in the era of electric mobility. Visser claims the Ampera will boost Opel's green cred and jump start the automaker's electrified future.

Opel's immediate future could include the launch of two additional electrified vehicles. One will reportedly be a production version of the two-seat RAK e concept that debuted at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. Officially, Visser will only only say that, "By the year's end, we'll decide whether to bring the RAK e into regular production. If the decision turns out to be positive, the RAK e could reach the market as early as 2013."

What's the other electric in the works? Well, Automotive News speculates that an electric minicar based off the Chevrolet Spark seems the most likely candidate. Visser's comment? Opel is working on an electric minicar. That is all.

Opel aims to be "leader in electric mobility"; production RAK e possible originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Tue, 25 Oct 2011 10:34:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>electric vehicleopelopel amperaopel electricopel electric vehicleopel rak eplug-in hybridrak evauxhallTue, 25 Oct 2011 10:34:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20088043/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20088043/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/10/25/opel-aims-to-be-leader-in-electric-mobility-production-rak-e/20088043/article-detail.xml 20088043 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/02-opel-rak-e-concept_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/02-opel-rak-e-concept.jpg <![CDATA[Volkswagen expands car-sharing project with Quicar Plus option]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/14/volkswagen-expands-car-sharing-project-with-quicar-plus-option/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/14/volkswagen-expands-car-sharing-project-with-quicar-plus-option/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/14/volkswagen-expands-car-sharing-project-with-quicar-plus-option/#commentsFiled under: , ,

VW Golf Bluemotion

Volkswagen is adding an option called Quicar Plus to its Quicar car sharing project that will kick off in Hanover, Germany this November. Apart from longer usage times, Quicar Plus features additional VW vehicles such as the Up!, Beetle, Passat, and Golf cabriolet.

When Quicar launches, a total of 200 Golf BlueMotions will be available for short-term rentals at 50 pick-up and drop-off locations scattered throughout the city. Quicar Plus adds some 70 additional vehicles that will be available for long-term rentals. Quicar vehicles can be rented for a minimum of 30 minutes, while Quicar Plus rentals start at ten hours.

Quicar Plus rates differ depending on the type of vehicle you get. Driving the 2012 Up! for ten hours starts at €30 ($41.19 U.S. at tdoay's exchange rate); the Beetle is €40 ($54.92) and the Golf cabriolet or Passat will cost you €50 ($68.65). The standard Quicar rate is €6 ($8.24) for the first 30 minutes and €0.20 ($0.27) per 60 seconds thereafter. That may seem expensive, but so is owning a personal vehicle.

Continue reading Volkswagen expands car-sharing project with Quicar Plus option

Volkswagen expands car-sharing project with Quicar Plus option originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 14 Oct 2011 14:56:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>car sharingcar sharing programcar sharing projectquicarquicar plusvolkswagenvwvw quicarFri, 14 Oct 2011 14:56:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20081667/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20081667/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/10/14/volkswagen-expands-car-sharing-project-with-quicar-plus-option/20081667/article-detail.xml 20081667 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2009/10/58959vw-630_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2009/10/58959vw-630.jpg <![CDATA[EnerSys, GAIA launch space, naval application lithium-ion JV in Germany]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/02/enersys-gaia-launch-space-naval-application-lithium-ion-jv-in/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/02/enersys-gaia-launch-space-naval-application-lithium-ion-jv-in/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/10/02/enersys-gaia-launch-space-naval-application-lithium-ion-jv-in/#commentsFiled under: ,

EnersysTaking lithium-ion batteries to heights never before reached is the goal of EnerSys and GAIA. The dynamic duo just entered into a definitive agreement to launch a large-format lithium-ion battery cell joint venture in Germany, where the focus will be on developing power storage devices for aerospace, naval, defense and other "specialty" high-power applications.

EnerSys will retain a majority interest in the joint venture in cooperation with GAIA Akkumulatorenwerke GmbH (GAIA), a wholly owned subsidiary of Lithium Technology Corporation (LTC).

The joint venture will make use of LTC's "intellectual property" and its lithium-ion manufacturing facility located in Nordhausen, Germany. It's anticipated the joint venture will kick off operations some time this month.

Under terms of the agreement, a division has been formed, EAS Germany GmbH, which will focus solely on the development and production of lithium-ion based solutions for space, naval, marine and renewable energy applications for EnerSys.

Continue reading EnerSys, GAIA launch space, naval application lithium-ion JV in Germany

EnerSys, GAIA launch space, naval application lithium-ion JV in Germany originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Sun, 02 Oct 2011 08:25:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>batteryeaseas germanyenersysgaiagermanyjvli-ionlithium-ionnavalspaceSun, 02 Oct 2011 08:25:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20069579/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20069579/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/10/02/enersys-gaia-launch-space-naval-application-lithium-ion-jv-in/20069579/article-detail.xml 20069579 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/enersys_thumbnail.png http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/enersys.png <![CDATA[VW to invest $85 billion by 2016 to increase production, develop advanced technologies]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/21/vw-to-invest-85-billion-by-2016-to-increase-production-develop/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/21/vw-to-invest-85-billion-by-2016-to-increase-production-develop/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/21/vw-to-invest-85-billion-by-2016-to-increase-production-develop/#commentsFiled under: , , , , , ,

VW logoVolkswagen AG says it will invest €62 billion ($85.5 billion U.S. at the current exchange rate) in innovation and technology projects, primarily in Germany, within five years as it eyes becoming the world's leading automaker.

The German automaker announced on Friday that much of its investment between 2012 and 2016 will focus on the development of eco-friendly vehicles, including hybrid, diesel and electric automobiles. Additionally, VW says investments will be made to extend its development of innovative drive systems and to modernize production. The German automaker also says wind, solar and other renewable energy sources will be used to power several of its factories.

Of the $85.5 billion, VW says 57 percent ($48.7 billion) will be spent in Germany and will focus on alternative drives, next-generation diesel and gasoline engines and direct-shift gearboxes.

Continue reading VW to invest $85 billion by 2016 to increase production, develop advanced technologies

VW to invest $85 billion by 2016 to increase production, develop advanced technologies originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Wed, 21 Sep 2011 10:57:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>electric vehiclehybridinvestmentmpgproductionvolkswagenvolkswagen investmentvwvw investmentWed, 21 Sep 2011 10:57:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20045445/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20045445/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/09/21/vw-to-invest-85-billion-by-2016-to-increase-production-develop/20045445/article-detail.xml 20045445 http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/16vwgolftdireview2010-2_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/16vwgolftdireview2010-2.jpg <![CDATA[Daimler, Bosch finalize EM-motive electric motor joint venture]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/20/daimler-bosch-finalize-em-motive-electric-motor-joint-venture/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/20/daimler-bosch-finalize-em-motive-electric-motor-joint-venture/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/20/daimler-bosch-finalize-em-motive-electric-motor-joint-venture/#commentsFiled under: , , ,

2012 Smart Fortwo Electric Drive

Daimler AG and Bosch GmbH have concluded negotiations, formally establishing a 50:50 joint venture (JV) to develop and manufacture electric motors.

The JV, officially called EM-motive GmbH, will manufacture traction motors for electric, fuel cell and extended-range vehicles at a facility in Hildesheim, Germany. Under terms of this JV, Daimler and Bosch intend to accelerate the development of electric motors and look to kick off production of the first units in late 2011.

The EM-motive motors will first be used in electric vehicles from Mercedes-Benz and Smart, starting with the Smart Fortwo Electric Drive, which is slated to go on sale in early 2012.

The joint venture targets production of more than one million (not a typo) electric motors by 2020.

Continue reading Daimler, Bosch finalize EM-motive electric motor joint venture

Daimler, Bosch finalize EM-motive electric motor joint venture originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Tue, 20 Sep 2011 10:12:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>boschdaimlerelectric motorem-motivejoint venturemercedes-benzsmartTue, 20 Sep 2011 10:12:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20042064/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20042064/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/09/20/daimler-bosch-finalize-em-motive-electric-motor-joint-venture/20042064/article-detail.xml 20042064 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/smart-fortwo-3_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/smart-fortwo-3.jpg <![CDATA[Rimac Automobili Concept One revealed [w/video]]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/14/frankfurt-rimac-automobili-concept-one-revealed-w-video/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/14/frankfurt-rimac-automobili-concept-one-revealed-w-video/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/14/frankfurt-rimac-automobili-concept-one-revealed-w-video/#commentsFiled under: , , , ,

Rimac Automobili Concept One

The sheet has been lovingly lifted from the Rimac Automobili Concept One at the Frankfurt Motor Show and the first official images are now available. As the earlier teasers suggested, this electric supercar looks absolutely, well...super! It's hard to believe that a machine with performance that far outshines anything brought forward by established auto companies has been pulled off by a 23-year-old kid from Croatia.

But then, Mate Rimac is no ordinary guy. While in high school he invented a glove to replace the traditional keyboard and mouse computer interface. He also turned a '86 BMW 3 Series into a mad, drifting racer. These two creations ultimately led him to build a company whose signature car features state-of-the-art electronic controls and performance numbers that easily match the sleek and powerful looks of its carbon-fiber body and betters, on paper at least, just about everything else in production on the planet.

Here's a refresher on those numbers. Two sets of 12,000 rpm, 250 kW liquid-cooled motors with individual controllers and reduction gears offer up 1088 horsepower and 2800 nM (2803 lb-ft) of torque. The 1650-kg (3638-lb) Concept One promises standstill-to-60-miles-per-hour acceleration in 2.8 seconds on its seamless sprint to a computer-limited top speed of 305 km/h (190 mph). Its 600 kilometers (373 miles) of range is provided for by 92 kWhs of lithium phosphate batteries and charging can be achieved in twenty minutes given ample supply of electricity. Production will be limited to 88 units, with deliveries of road vehicles starting in 2013. The first two are sold.

While we expect it may be a while before we get to see footage of this sexy beast on the road (or track), the company has released a video detailing its components and performance. Hit the jump to check it out as well as the press release.

Continue reading Rimac Automobili Concept One revealed [w/video]

Rimac Automobili Concept One revealed [w/video] originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Wed, 14 Sep 2011 07:46:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>croatiaelectric supercarfrankfurt 2011mate rimacrimacrimac automobilirimac automobili concept oneWed, 14 Sep 2011 07:46:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20041987/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20041987/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/09/14/frankfurt-rimac-automobili-concept-one-revealed-w-video/20041987/article-detail.xml 20041987 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/rimac-automobili-concept-one-official-628-1315948115_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/rimac-automobili-concept-one-official-628-1315948115.jpg <![CDATA[Opel reveals two-seat electric One Euro Car concept ahead of Frankfurt debut]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/08/opel-reveals-two-seat-electric-one-euro-car-concept-ahead-of-fra/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/08/opel-reveals-two-seat-electric-one-euro-car-concept-ahead-of-fra/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/08/opel-reveals-two-seat-electric-one-euro-car-concept-ahead-of-fra/#commentsFiled under: , , , , ,

Opel one euro electric concept

General Motors' German subsidiary Opel has revealed a two-seat electric urban concept aimed at extending the automaker's "pioneering role in alternative propulsion systems."

The diminutive two-seater, referred to by Opel as the "One Euro Car," will make its official debut at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show next week. Opel hasn't revealed much about the One Euro Car, but the German firm does claim its electric urban concept will be a "star attraction" at the Motor Show. It will have competition.

Where does the concept's name come from? Opel says it's because the two-seater can travel 100 kilometers (62 miles) for one euro ($1.41 U.S.), and focusing on running costs is a welcome way to promote plug-in vehicles. The automaker claims its electric concept tips the scales at about a third the weight of modern subcompacts and maxes out at a highway-capable speed of 75 miles per hour. Best of all, Opel says the tandem two-seater has "production potential" and would be "affordable." Look for live pics and full details on the Opel's electric concept when it hits the Frankfurt stage.

Continue reading Opel reveals two-seat electric One Euro Car concept ahead of Frankfurt debut

Opel reveals two-seat electric One Euro Car concept ahead of Frankfurt debut originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Thu, 08 Sep 2011 14:08:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>electric vehiclefrankfurtfrankfurt motor showlightweight electric vehicleopelopel electric conceptopel one euro cartwo seaterThu, 08 Sep 2011 14:08:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20037660/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20037660/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/09/08/opel-reveals-two-seat-electric-one-euro-car-concept-ahead-of-fra/20037660/article-detail.xml 20037660 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/273177_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/09/273177.jpg <![CDATA[Daimler gets Germany geared up for a hydrogen future]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/02/daimler-gets-germany-geared-up-for-a-hydrogen-future/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/02/daimler-gets-germany-geared-up-for-a-hydrogen-future/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/09/02/daimler-gets-germany-geared-up-for-a-hydrogen-future/#commentsFiled under: , , ,

Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-Cell

Daimler has unveiled an ambitious scheme that should put Germany in the driver's seat for hydrogen fueling stations. A recent report in Scientific American says a joint effort by automaker Daimler and technology firm The Linde Group aims to install an additional 20 public-use hydrogen stations across the nation.

Of the 30 hydrogen stations operational in Germany today, reports say only seven are of the public-use type. According to Daimler, a major city needs around ten stations to adequately support fuel cell vehicles. While installing 20 stations nationwide over the next three years won't accomplish that in any given city, it's a step in the H2 direction.

The Wall Street Journal claims the problems associated with storing hydrogen "remain considerable," pointing out that, in liquefied form, hydrogen requires massive storage tanks and demands extreme caution while transporting. While mostly true, these hurdles don't stand in the way of fuel cell vehicle adoption. A somewhat bigger problem is the exorbitant price of hydrogen-fueled vehicles in the first place, but we've been promised reductions in that arena.

Daimler gets Germany geared up for a hydrogen future originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Fri, 02 Sep 2011 09:03:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>daimlerfuel cell vehiclegermanyhydrogenhydrogen fuel celllindemercedes-benzFri, 02 Sep 2011 09:03:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20028455/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20028455/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/09/02/daimler-gets-germany-geared-up-for-a-hydrogen-future/20028455/article-detail.xml 20028455 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2010/11/80537414801874290286010c1242001_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2010/11/80537414801874290286010c1242001.jpg <![CDATA[World's first all-electric supercar teased ahead of Frankfurt Motor Show [w/video]]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/worlds-first-all-electric-supercar-teased-ahead-of-frankfurt-mo/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/worlds-first-all-electric-supercar-teased-ahead-of-frankfurt-mo/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/worlds-first-all-electric-supercar-teased-ahead-of-frankfurt-mo/#commentsFiled under: , , ,

Rimac Automobili Concept One computer render teaser with fascia showing

Ahead of its reveal at the Frankfurt Motor Show, Rimac Automobili has released some rendered teasers that hike the skirt of its all-electric, all-wheel-drive, 1088-horsepower Concept One supercar that we were telling you about, and have also given us details that further pique our interest in the company's first production vehicle.

The exterior design comes courtesy of Adriano Mudri who was responsible for the look of another electric; the Magna Steyr Mila EV. He has also previously expressed his vision of electric supercardom, penning an alternatively-powered Lamborghini that you can see on his website. For the Rimac project, Mudri appears to go with lines with less of an angular bent, opting instead for something slightly more sexy and curvaceous.

The interior is by a team of former Pininfarina folks led by Goran Popović. They were involved with such automobiles as the Ferraris Modena 360 and FF and other high-end hypercars. Though we have yet to get a glimpse through the glass, we are quite confident the vehicle's occupants will be tastefully indulged.

The company has already received an order for two vehicles from a member of the royal family in Abu Dhabi. The initial delivery will be a non-road going, pre-production unit that they expect to deliver in the last quarter of 2012, with a fully homologated road runner coming in mid 2013. Once underway, they expect to create between ten and fifteen vehicles a year with production limited to a maximum of 88. Pricing details have not been released but we understand it will cost less than offerings from Pagani or Koenigsegg, but not substantially less.

While it may be a while before the Concept One itself takes the asphalt with its talons, an example of the motors that will power it are already in use. We are told that the BMW e30 conversion that started this story - now officially known as the Rimac Automobili e-M3 as it's received it own VIN - had no problems using the power plant while scooting through the Swiss Alps during the e-miglia. Though power was down from the previous 600 hp serial DC motor configuration, efficiency was much better and the design proved durable.

Peruse the gallery above and give us your first impressions in the comment section. We've also got a freshly-released video from the company after the break that brings us into their offices and lets us check out their fancy supercar manufacturing machines in action. It all makes us look very much forward to September 13th in Frankfurt.

Continue reading World's first all-electric supercar teased ahead of Frankfurt Motor Show [w/video]

World's first all-electric supercar teased ahead of Frankfurt Motor Show [w/video] originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:50:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>adriano mudrielectric supercarfrankfurt motor show 2011goran popovicmate rimacrimacrimac automobilirimac automobili concept oneTue, 30 Aug 2011 15:50:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20023934/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20023934/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/08/30/worlds-first-all-electric-supercar-teased-ahead-of-frankfurt-mo/20023934/article-detail.xml 20023934 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/08/rimac-automobili-render-teaser-630-1314096518_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2011/08/rimac-automobili-render-teaser-630-1314096518.jpg <![CDATA[Mercedes-Benz Citaro hydrogen fuel cell buses surpass 2-million kilometer milestone]]>http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/mercedes-benz-citaro-hydrogen-fuel-cell-buses-surpass-2-million/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/mercedes-benz-citaro-hydrogen-fuel-cell-buses-surpass-2-million/http://green.autoblog.com/2011/08/30/mercedes-benz-citaro-hydrogen-fuel-cell-buses-surpass-2-million/#commentsFiled under: , , ,

Citaro fuel cell bus

Daimler's involvement in fuel cell technology is not limited to vehicles that can be driven without a commercial driver's license. In fact, it's on buses that Daimler has focused most of its fuel cell development. From 2003 to 2009, 36 Mercedes-Benz Citaros, fitted with Daimler's second-generation fuel cell technology, hits the streets on three continents.

Mercedes-Benz now says these fuel cell buses have performed as expected and continue to operate on a daily basis. According to M-B, the Citaro buses demonstrate the viability of its "environmentally friendly fuel cell drive." To date, those 36 fuel cell Citaros have logged more than 2.2 million kilometers (1.3 million miles). That works out to an average of around 36,000 miles per Citaro, not much for a bus, but probably way more miles than most Honda FCX Clarity owners have logged.

Continue reading Mercedes-Benz Citaro hydrogen fuel cell buses surpass 2-million kilometer milestone

Mercedes-Benz Citaro hydrogen fuel cell buses surpass 2-million kilometer milestone originally appeared on AutoblogGreen on Tue, 30 Aug 2011 11:02:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments]]>citarodaimlerfuel cellfuel cell busfuel cell buseshamburghydrogenhydrogen busmercedes-benzmercedes-benz citaroTue, 30 Aug 2011 11:02:00 EST http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20024745/article-comments.xml http://green.autoblog.com/feed/20024745/article-comments.html http://green.autoblog.com/feed/2011/08/30/mercedes-benz-citaro-hydrogen-fuel-cell-buses-surpass-2-million/20024745/article-detail.xml 20024745 http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2009/11/744898_1354510_3536_2382_09a1108-copy_thumbnail.jpg http://www.blogcdn.com/green.autoblog.com/media/2009/11/744898_1354510_3536_2382_09a1108-copy.jpg -1 2